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生活美語討論精華區二: 文法篇

本精華區內容承蒙倪無言先生大力支持, 在此特別誌謝.

精華區本文:


關於 Shall 這個字

上次跟一個美國朋友聊天,說了一些話!最後講了一句......shall we? 被他笑了半天,他說只有驕傲做作的英國人才會用shall這個字,美國人不常用這個字,真的是如此嗎?
!
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

最後講了一句......shall we?......那麼,你之前說了些什麼呢?

〔此處僅討論shall在疑問句並且是以we作為主詞的問題〕

shall we 用在 "徵詢聽者的指示"或"詢問聽者的意見"(asking for instructions and decisions〕例:
(1)What time shall we come and see you? 我們該在什麼時間來看你?
(2)What on earth shall we do? 我們到底該怎麼辦?
(3)Shall we go out for a meal?我們外出用餐好嗎?
(4)Let's go and see Lucy, shall we? 我們去拜訪Lucy好不好?

此處的shall都不能用will代替.

英國人的確常shall we,但是說"只有驕傲做作的英國人才會用shall這個字"有欠公允.

第(1)句中,美國人常用 can we 或 may we〔較口語化〕 來代替 shall we〔比較正式〕.
What time can we come and see you?
What time may we come and see you?

第(2)句中,美國人常用 can we 或 are we going to〔are we gonna〕〔較口語化〕 來代替 shall we〔比較正式〕.
What on earth can we do?
What on earth are we going to do?
What on earth are we gonna do?

第(3)句中,美國人常用 Do we 或 Are we going to〔Are we gonna〕較口語化〕 來代替 Shall we〔比較正式〕.
Do we go out for a meal?
Are we going to go out for a meal?
Are we going out for a meal?
Are we gonna go out for a meal?

第(4)句中,即使是美國人,也沒有不用 shall we 的.


Goods 的單複數

GOODS 解作貨, 但指一件的貨, 可用 GOOD 來表示嗎? 還是用另外的字呢? 謝謝.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"goods "為集合名詞,(就像另一個集合名詞 furniture家具,包括桌椅床
櫃等等).本身為一複數名詞;但指單單一件的貨時,不能用"good"來表
示,而要像a piece of furniture 一樣, 用 a piece of goods,two
pieces of goods.


Further 和 Farther

HI,
我通常都是用 further and further...
有一次看到別人用 farther and farther...
請問這兩個有什麼不同呢?

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

farther 和further 都是 far 的比較級(形容詞或副詞).
現在流行的用法是:farther 比較常用在"距離上"較遠,例:(副詞) No
farther! 夠(遠)了! 到此為止! (形容詞) the farther shore 彼岸
farther 也用於指程度,但現在多用於成語 go farther and fare worse
每況愈下.
further 用於"距離上較遠"或"程度上較深",例:(副詞) go further
away 再走遠一點, inquire further into the problem 更進一步調查這
個問題 ,(形容詞) on the further side of the road 在道路的另一端
We walked on without further conversation 我們繼續走而沒有進一步交
談.

farther and farther 和 further and further 像 more and more...(越
來越...)的句型相似,就是"越來越遠""越來越深入"的意思.


Two or double?

when i go to Mcdonald. usually one burger isn't enough for me, so

i will ask two order. but can i use "double order"? if so which

one is better? thank you!

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Sometimes, McDonald offers "double cheeseburger", in which two
pieces of cheese are used in a cheeseburger instead of one. To
avoid this confusion, I suggest that you say "two orders" instead
of "double order". It's much clearer. It's possible to say "make
it double" for two orders when you change your mind from one
order to two orders of the same item, but it may be a little
confusing if you mispronounce your order as "make it A 'double'"  
(It means I'd like to change my order of a regular cheeseburger
into a double cheeseburer.")  One extra word ("A") will make a
big difference.
In addition, you can say "double my order", which is equivalent
to "make it double".


數字 35

Thirty-five.一樣是說35為什麼不真接寫Thirty five,為什麼要加一條線

在中間?這是特定的用法嗎?是必要的嗎?我也常看到類似的用法.這種用法

是否有特定的規定, 煩請各位能幫我解答,真的非常感謝大家.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

加一條線在中間是特定的用法,是必要的.

應該是習慣用法,講不出道理.

(WWN 猜想可能是為了與305有所區別???)


想請問 yet 和 rather 有哪些用法?
:
用 yet 前面一定要用完成式嗎?  還是....


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

yet的用法用〔yet 前面不一定要用完成式〕
(1) 「尚」:〔用於否定敘述句〕The work is not yet finished.這件工
作「尚」未完成.
(2) 「已經」:〔用於疑問句〕Has he returned yet? 他「已經」回來了
嗎?
(3) 「迄今為止」:〔與最高級形容詞、副詞連用〕the largest diamond
yet found 「迄今〔當時〕為止」所能找到的最大的鑽石.
(4) 「更加」、「愈發」:〔強調比較級〕a yet more difficult task
「更加」困難的工作.
(5) 「(雖說如此...)卻」:〔與and或but連用〕I offered him still
more, and yet he was not satisfied. 我給他更多,而他「卻」仍不滿
足.
(6) 「而且也...」:〔與nor連用,以加強語氣〕He will not accept
help nor yet advice. 他不但不會接受幫助,「而且也」不會接受忠告
的.
(7) 「遲早」、「總有一天」:You'll regret it yet. 你「遲早」會後
悔.
(8) 「又」、「再」:Yet once more I forbid you to go. 我「又」再說
一遍,不准你去.
(9) 「仍然」:She is talking yet. 她還在講.
(10) 「然而」〔當連接詞用〕:He tried hard, yet he could not
succeed. 他拼命試,「然而」並沒有成功.
☆注意!以下兩個片語,看來是肯定敘述句,但實際上具有否定的意思.
(11) be yet +{不定詞}「還沒...」:The worst was yet to come. 最壞
的情況「還沒」出現.
(12) have yet + {不定詞}「還有待...」、「至今還沒有...」:I have
yet to learn it. 我「至今還不」知道這件事.


rather 的用法

(1) rather than 「毋寧...」:He is a writer rather than a scholar.
說他是個學者,「毋寧」說他是個作家.
(2) 「更確切」:I should rather think so. 我「確」信如此.
(3) 「相當」:It is rather hot in here. 這裡的天氣「相當」熱.
(4) 「(反)而」〔當連接詞用〕:It wasn't a help, rather a
hindrance. 那不是幫忙,反而是妨礙.

欲知yet和rather更詳細的用法說明,請參考《最新實用英美語慣用法辭
典》,劉寶旭、傅勇林 主編,建宏出版社,1997.


有時候會 confused...到底是 by myself/yourself/herself...還是 不要加 by...
:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

She has to pick up herself. 她必須"親自"去取.著重於"不可以由
別人代取".

I'll do it myself. 我必須"親自"去做.著重於"不可以由別人代
勞".


She has to pick up by herself. 她必須"單獨"去取.著重於"不可以
有別人陪同去取".

I'll do it by myself. 我必須"單獨"去做.著重於"不可以有別人陪
同".


我想問 in which, on which, of which, at which .... 諸如此類ㄉ文法

怎麼用???? 我常常在文章裡看到這些~~~ 但不知意思~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(A)  which 是形容詞子句的連接詞.形容詞子句也叫關係子句,它通常是
用來形容(修飾)which前面的那個名詞(或代名詞),也就是把整個句子當作
一個形容詞來用.例:I have a personal computer which cost me
NT$200,000.我有一個"花了我NT$200,000的"個人電腦."花了我
NT$200,000的"就是一個"含有句子"{有主詞:"我",及動詞:"花了
$$$"}的形容詞.

(B)  底下有兩個簡單句:
(1) I have a personal computer. (2) The computer cost me
NT$20,000. 現在把兩句合併(連接起來),就成為I have a personal
computer which cost me NT$200,000. 其中which 是連接詞,它代替(並兼
任)了第2句原來的主詞 The computer.

(C)  再看下兩句:
(1) I have a personal computer. (2) There is a hard disk in the
computer.
現在把兩句合併(連接起來),第1步:I have a personal computer there
is a hard disk in which. 其中which代替了第2句原來的in的受詞.第2
步:把which 移到合併句中computer和there之間,成為I have a
personal computer which there is a hard disk in. 像前一個例子一
樣,which 做為連接詞用.第3步:習慣上常把介系詞放在which前面,於是
就變成了I have a personal computer in which there is a hard disk.

(D)  如果移到which 前面的介系詞是at ,合併句就成為......at which
......
如果移到which 前面的介系詞是 on,合併句就成為......on which ......
如果移到which 前面的介系詞是at,合併句就成為......of which ......(有時
候of which = whose).以下的例子說明如何把關係子句還原成兩個簡單
句,然後就比較容易理解了.

The "Far-East" Dictionary is not the only dictionary on which
we can rely.
The "Far-East" Dictionary is not the only dictionary which we
can rely on.
The "Far-East" Dictionary is not the only dictionary. We can
rely on the dictionary.

My father's old Canon Eos was the camera with which I took these
pictures.
My father's old Canon Eos was the camera which I took these
pictures with.
My father's old Canon Eos was the camera. I took these pictures
with the camera.

The eagle in the trees was the target at which he was aiming.
The eagle in the trees was the target which he was aiming at.
The eagle in the trees was the target. He was aiming at the
target.

Something About Mary is the funniest movie of which I can think
right now.
Something About Mary is the funniest movie which I can think of
right now.
Something About Mary is the funniest movie. I can think of the
funniest movie right now.

He was looking for a car of which engine was made in Germany. (=
He was looking for a car whose engine was made in Germany.)


請告訴我,關於英文中"才"的用法要如何使用,謝謝!!

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

此處只討論"才"字的副詞用法.請先比較觀察以下各例句用哪些特別的句
型,片語或語氣來表達"才"字.

1. (= a moment ago; just):你怎麼才來就要走? You've only just
come. Why do you want to leave so soon? /他才回到家裡,湯姆就來找
他了. He had just got home when Tom came looking for him.
2. (= not until; 前面加"時間詞"): 他九點鐘才來,太晚了. He
didn't come until 9 o'clock. That was too late. /大風到晚上才止
住了.The gale didn't stop until evening. /他走了兩個鐘頭才走到.
 It took him two hours to get there. /你為什麼這會兒才說呢? 
How come you didn't say anything until now?
3. (= not unless; not until; then and only then; for no other
reason): 他吃了三碗麵才飽. He wasn't full until he had eaten
three bowls. /經他解釋之後,我才明白是怎麼回事. I didn't
understand what was going on until he explained it to me. /他說行
才行. It's O.K. only if he says so. /只有靠群眾,才能把工作做
好. Only by relying on the people can we do our work well. /正因
為我們有困難,才派我們去. We were sent precisely because there
were problems there.
4. (= only;後面跟"數詞"): 現在才八點鐘,還早著呢. It's only
8 o'clock, so there's still plenty of time. /才五塊錢嗎?真便
宜. Only five dollars? That's really cheap. /這孩子才五歲,已經
認得不少字了. The child is only five, and he already knows
quite a few characters.
5. (= actually; really; 用於肯定或衝突,強調"才"字之前的詞,通常
句尾用"呢"字作語助詞):這才好呢!  Now this is really good! /你
以為他傻嗎? 他才不傻呢! You think he is stupid? Not him! /我才懶得
管呢! I can't be bothered! 或 I couldn't care less. /你才是撒
謊! You are the one who's lying. /他要是不知道才怪呢!I'd be
really surprised if he didn't know.
6. (表示事情在前不久發生;剛才):The performance has just
started.節目才開始.Why leave so soon?怎麼,才來就要走?
7. (表示事情發生或結束得晚):He left New York only yesterday.他
昨天才離開紐約.
8. (表示只有在某種條件下或由於某種原因、目的,然後怎麼樣,前面常
有"只有、必須、因為、由於"等配合):非等起重機來了才能裝運
嗎?Must we wait till the crane arrives before we start loading.只
有肯努力,才能得到好成績.Only you study hard can you get good
results.
9. (對比起來表示數量小,次數少,能力插等等;僅僅):1949年以前中
國剛年產量最高才90多萬噸.Before 1949, China's highest annual
output of steel was only just over 900,000 tons.當時他才五歲.He
was only five years old then.
10. (表示強調所說的事,句尾常用"呢"字):麥子長的才好呢!The
wheat is coming along fine.他要是不知道才怪呢!It would be really
strange if he didn't know.屋子裡不熱外面才熱呢!It is not hot in
the house, nut it's really hot outside.

請注意! 在英文中這個"才"字不一定是非要用"某個單字"來表達不可;
它可以用一些特別的句型,片語或語氣來表達.所以,學會用這些特別的句
型,片語或語氣來表達是很重要的.


請問一下 在英文文章句子中 有很多名詞片語來代替形容詞~~那是要怎麼用ㄚ~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


這些片語如果當形容詞來用,應該叫片語.通常它只能當做補語來用,放在
be動詞或其他連繫動詞(linking verbs)之後,類似於述語(predicative)形
容詞的用法.它通常不能放在名詞之前----這是屬性(attributive)形容詞
的用法規如果一定要用,必須在片語各單字之間加上連字號[hyphen]. 例
1﹕If Jimmy is planning a bank robbery, he is definitely out of
mind. "out of mind "即置於is 之後做為述語(做為句子的主詞補語)之
用.例2﹕You have less than one-in-a-million chance to a million
dollars. "one-in-a-million" 是置於名詞 chance之前做為屬性的用
法.如果遇到這樣的形容詞片語,可以把它視為形容詞來用.有時候在文語
(書面上而非口語上的語法)上,常用形容詞片語來代替形容詞,使人覺得比
較"文謅謅"一點.例1﹕The contract papers are very important. 句
中使用形容詞important﹔例2﹕The contract papers are of very much
importance. 句中使用形容詞片語of importance.例1 句可譯成 [這些合
約文件"很重要"],例2句可譯成 [這些合約文件"具有高度的重要
性"].例2句不論是中英文都比例1 句來得"文謅謅"一點.


動詞之後也會加一ㄍ介系詞那怎麼用ㄋ?

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

動詞種類的其中一種分法為:把所有動詞分法為"及物動詞"與"不及物動
詞". "及物動詞"後面必須接一個名詞(或動名詞、名詞片語、名詞子
句)或代名詞做為"受詞."不及物動詞" 後面則毋需接名詞(或動名詞、
名詞片語、名詞子句)或代名詞.有些"不及物動詞"雖毋需接名詞...卻仍
需接一個補足完整句意的狀語adjunct.例如 stand 當"站"解釋時,不能
說 He stood. (他站) 而必須說 He stood up. (他站"起來") 那個up 就
是一個adjunct.如果後面一定要接名詞...,則必須在"不及物動詞"與"
名詞..."之間加一個"介於當中"的介系詞.所以,切記每個動詞的用法.
有些動詞既可做為"及物動詞"又可做為"不及物動詞"之用.例如stand
當"站"解釋時,應為"不及物動詞"的用法,當"忍受、忍耐"解釋時,
為"及物動詞"的用法,例: I can't stand the cold weather in the
winter. 我不能忍受冬天寒冷的天氣.值得注意的是:有些字在中文裡讓人
直覺地感到它是"及物動詞",但是它相對的英文字卻是"不及物動詞".
例如﹕敲(門) 不能說成knock the door,要說knock on the door;參加
(派對) 不能說成participate a party,要說participate in a party.


What is the difference among "whom" ,"who"  "whoever" and "whomever"?

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

在關係子句(relative clause)中,如果關係連接詞(who/whom)當做子句的
主詞時,用who;當做子句的受詞時,用whom.
(1)當主詞:Danny is the boy who broke the window.其中who是句子中動
詞broke的主詞.
(2)當受詞:Danny is the boy whom I talked to this morning.其中whom
是句子中動詞片語talked to的受詞.
在口語中who可以用whom來代替.

whoever = anyone who
whomever = anyone whom
(1)當主詞:Whoever wishes to join our club is welcome.
        = Anyone who wishes to join our club is welcome.
(2)當受詞:We may call whomever we like.
        = We may call anyone whom we like.


在洗手間內, 我們常見到: FLUSH TOILET AFTER USE,
:
為何在 AFTER 不是用 USING 呢? 謝謝.

:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

after 是介系詞,後面要接名詞或名詞相等語. use 可以當做名詞用;如
果要接動詞,則必須以動名詞的型式出現.然而 use 是及物動詞,即使在
用做動名詞時,也應該有受詞.如果說 FLUSH AFTER USING IT 就對了.但
在標語中,力求文字簡單,因此採用字數較少的名詞用法.


Ago 和 before

我們說three days ago或three days before 都可以.但是,請注意這兩個字
在時態上不同的用法.
(1) 是以現在為基準所指的過去,故只能與簡單過去式連用,而不能與完成
式連用.例I saw him two months ago. =  I saw him two months
before. 但I have seen him two months ago就是錯誤的文法.說I have
seen him somewhere before.則正確.
(2) 以過去的某一時間為基準而提到在它之前的事情時,要用before;因
此,直接引句用ago時,如改為間接引句時,應換成before.例〔直接引
句〕He said, "I met her two months ago." 〔間接引句〕He said he
had met her two months before.


請問:「我們以前讀不同的小學」可以翻成〝All of us went differentelementary before 〞嗎?


(1) All of us強調我們「全體」;用"We"表達「我們」就可以了.
(2) 「小學」是elementary school 或primary school.你大概打漏字了.
(3) 「讀小學」是go to elementary school,其中介系詞to不能省略,因
為go是不及物動詞,後面不能直接加受詞,而必須放一個介系詞在受詞
elementary school前面.
(4) 既然「讀不同的小學」,可見得elementary school必須要用複數形
elementary schools.
(5) 由於英文中使用了過去時態,從動詞went就可以知道這是發生在過去的
事;因此,不必加上before也可以理解.
綜合以上理由,「我們以前讀不同的小學」以翻成"We went to
different elementary schools."較佳.

我們之中有兩個男生"Two of us are boys " 〔correct〕

我們之中有1個人有字典"One of us has a dictionary " 〔correct〕

大部份人沒戴眼鏡"Most of us doesn't wear glasses " 〔Most of
us don't wear glasses.〕主詞most of us為可數複數名詞,動詞應用複數
形.

大部份人有手錶"Most of us have watches " 〔correct〕

有1個人數學很好"One of us Math is the best "〔 One of us is
good at math.〕One of us是個名詞當主詞用,後面不能再有一個詞組出現
做主詞(除非用連接詞連接起來).你的意思大概是有1個人〔的〕數學很
好,你可以用所有格的型式來表達,例如:David's math is good.但是沒
有One of us's這樣的英文.因此,一般用 ...be good at...的片語來表
達.

有1個人英文不錯"One of us English is nice "  〔 One of us is
good at English.〕"English不錯"只能用good來搭配,而不能用nice來
搭配.

3個人喜歡游泳"Three of us like swim " 〔Three of us like
swimming.〕〔Three of us like to swim.〕通常跟著主詞的主要動詞〔文
法上叫"限定動詞"〕後面再跟第二個動詞時,第二個動詞必須使用不定詞
或動名詞的型式.

大部份人喜歡打籃球"Some of us like play basketball " 〔Most of
us like to play basketball.〕Some of us是我們其中"有一些人"而
非" 大部份人".

有2個人很高"Two of us is taller " 〔Two of us are very tall.〕主
詞two of us為可數複數名詞,動詞應用複數形.由於原句沒有講和誰來比
較,因此,不必使用形容詞的比較級.


請問, 為何以下句子用 "WILL CHANGE" 呢? 不是用 "WILL BE CHANGED"

的嗎? 那一個才對呢? 感覺上用被動語態才對, 不是嗎? 謝謝.

From 26 June 2000, the name of ABC Limited will change to XYZ Limited.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

change當做「改變」之意時,可以用做不及物動詞,但必須主詞的本身(自
身)可以產生變化,例如:A caterpillar changes into a butterfly.毛蟲
會變成蝴蝶.但是在本問題中,公司名稱本身不會改變,而是必須「被」改
變.因此必須使用當做不及物動詞用的change.又由於公司名稱不能主動地
去改變(別的東西),所以使用被動語態是必然的.用"WILL BE CHANGED"
才正確(用"...will be replaced by XYZ Ltd. "也可以).[Limited當做
公司名稱時,常用縮寫]

change當做不及物動詞時,還可以當做「更衣」之意.例如:He is
changing for dinner.他在為晚餐換衣服.


請問, 我被公司開除, 可以說  I get fired.

但如果我想講我以前被公司開除, 可否說 I got fired.

謝謝.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

1. I get fired. 是錯誤的表達法,問題出在現在簡單式動詞.動詞的現在
簡單式最常見的用途是a. 現在的習慣,b. 不變的真理(自然現象). 「被
公司開除」既非你的習慣亦非永遠不會改變的真理.當你說「被公司開除」
時,這個「被開除」的動作已經在過去某一時刻結束了.因此,只能說I
GOT fired. 就算我每次做一個工作不到一星期就被開除(成為一種習慣了?)
也要加上頻率副詞,如:I ALWAYS get fired (in a week). 試再比較其他
時態.I'm going to get fired. = I'm getting fired. [我快被開除
了].I will get fired. [我一定會被開除的].I have been fired. 「我
曾經被公司開除過」. 但請注意,I have got fired. = I got fired. 用
have got 並不表達[現在完成時態」 get fired 中的get 為不及物動詞,
無被動語態,但本身含有「被...」的意思.
2. 但如果我想講我以前被公司開除, 可否說: I got fired.呢?
根據上面的說明,你被公司開除本來必定就是過去發生而且過去就結束的
事,當然可以用I got fired.

※ 當動詞為「動態動詞」dynamic verb(又稱「動作動詞」action verb)
時,用現在簡單式動詞,即表示a. 現在的習慣,b. 不變的真理(自然現
象).如非a.、b.的用法,「動態動詞」經常使用現在簡單式以外的時態.
※ 當動詞為「靜態動詞」stative verb時,使用現在簡單式所表達的是
「現在的狀態」;使用過去簡單式所表達的是「過去的狀態」.


請問一下~will 和 be going to有什麼不同~那要怎麼用ㄋ~~為什麼有時候

現在式又可以意指未來要做ㄉ事~~~

那在完成式中ㄉ過去 現在 未來~那一個口語上常被使用~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

will 和 be going to有什麼不同?~~

1. will用於表達單純的未來,用來"預言"將來"會"發生的事.It
will rain tomorrow. [明天會下雨].Lakers will win on Sunday. [星期
天的比賽,湖人隊會贏]. 不做為"預言"用的will則帶有"意願"的色
彩.例如:I'll buy you a bicycle for your birthday. [你生日時,我
給你買一輛腳踏車](表"允諾").Will you hold the door open for me
please? [請你幫我把門開著好嗎?](表"請求").
be going to和will一樣也常用be going to來表預言將發生的事.口語裡經
常用be going to,尤其指不久即將發生的事,尤其指不久即將發生的事.
當說話的人看見某事即將發生的跡象時可以說:Oh, look! It's going
to rain. [喔!看!天要下雨了!] Look out! She's going to rain.
[當心!她要暈倒了!].be going to的這種用法包含現在,而It will
rain純粹指將來.另外,說話的人也許對即將發生的事情預先有所了解,例
如:They're going to be married soon.[他們不久即將結婚.](他的弟
弟跟我說過).表示預言的時候可以加表示將來時間的詞例如It's going
to rain tonight.今晚要下雨They're going to be married next May他
們將於五月結婚在正式的書面語言中通常多用will而不用將來式be going
to在需要經常提到將來的情況,例如:在天氣預報中也是如此.在非正式語
體中,要表示意圖、打算時,一般多用將來式be going to,而不用will:
 I'm going to practise the piano for two hours this evening. [我
打算今晚要練兩小時鋼琴](即這是我的意圖;已經計劃或安排好了).但
是,如果在說話時才決定去作某事,我們一般多用will,而不大用be
going to.We're really lost. I'll stop and ask someone the way.
[我們真的迷路了,我要停下來問問路].在指遙遠的將來時一般較少用be
going to;如果用,則一般需要有表示時間的副詞語.例如:She says
she's going to be a jockey when she grows up.[她說她長大以後,要
當一名賽馬的職業騎師].在後通常不用will,但可以用be going to表示意
圖.If you're going to join us, we'll wait for you. [如果你打算
和我們一起來,我們就等你.]

2. 為什麼有時候現在式又可以意指未來要做ㄉ事~~~
現在簡單式「意指未來要做的事」這種用法往往用於談論時刻表、節目表或
日程表上所安排好的事情的時候:The concert begins at 7:30 and ends
at 9:30. [音樂會在7時30分開始,9時30分結束] .We leave tomorrow
at 11:15 and arrive at 17:50. [我們明天11時15分動身,17時50分到
達]. Wednesday, May 24th marks our 25th wedding anniversary. [5月
24日,星期三,是我們結婚25週年紀念日].另外,在條件句中,現在簡單
式常被用來代替將來式.If it rains tomorrow, we won't go fishing.
[如果明天下雨,我們就不去釣魚].

3. 那在完成式中ㄉ過去 現在 未來~那一個口語上常被使用~~
現在完成式最常用.未來完成式常和 [by + 將來的某一時間] 的片語連
用.過去完成式通常不出現在簡單句,而與另一個表示過去時間的子句連
用.過去完成式和完成式未來在口語中比起現在完成式較少用.

詳見《朗文標準英文法by L.G. Alexander》


請問一下.HAVE BEEN 與 HAVE GONE 之區別?

HAVE BEEN 與 HAVE GONE 之區別:

have even seen :強調「經驗、曾經」."I have even seen the
movie." 恐怕改為"I have already seen the movie."  用完成式才比較恰
當.一般而言,「看過某部電影」不需用完成式表達經驗,除非某人邀你去
看某部電影,你已經看過了,可以說(a) "I have already seen the
movie." 我「已經」看過了, (b) "I have just seen the movie." 我
「才」剛看過,或(c) "I have seen the movie before." 請注意這三句中
含有經常用完成式的already, just, before的字眼.
saw:強調「看」的動作(的時間是在昨天、從前...)."I saw the movie."
比較接近我「去」看過某部電影,並往往加上yesterday, last night等表
示過去時間的副詞語.